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tam is a Latin Adverb that primarily means to such a degree.
Adverb
so, to such a degree
tam...quam, so...as
Adverb
To such a degree (as stated or implied in the context), to that extent, so: (a) (w. vbs. or vbl. exprs.). (b) (w. adjs.). (c) (w. advs. or advl. phrs.)
(w. adjs., as correl. in comparisons. foll. by quam). (b) (w. repetition of adj. or comparison of two different adjs,; sim., w. nouns). (c) (w. quantus or abl. of comparison in place of quam).
Animī plūrimōrum hominum tam stultī sunt ut discere nōn cupiant.Compare The souls of very many men are so foolish that they do not wish to learn.
Tam dūrus erat ut nēmō eum amāret.Compare He was so harsh that no one loved him.
Scīvērunt quārē cōnsulem tam fortem sequī vellēmus.Compare They knew why we wanted to follow such a brave consul.
Tam strēnuē labōrat ut multa perficiat.Compare He works so energetically that he accomplishes many things.
Tam infirmus erat ut vix loqui posset.Compare He was so weak that he could scarcely speak.
Utinam tam facile vera invenire possem quam falsa convincere.Compare I only wish I could discover the truth as easily as I can expose falsehood.
Apelli fuit alioqui perpetua consuetudo numquam tam occupatum diem agendi, ut non lineam ducendo exerceret artem.Compare It was a regular custom with Apelles never to let a day of business be so fully occupied that he did not practice his art by drawing at least a line. [Origin of the proverb Nulla dies sine linea - "No day without a line."]
Difficile est saturam non scribere. nam quis iniquae tam patiens urbis, tam ferreus, ut teneat se...Compare It is hard not to write satire. For who is so tolerant of this unjust city, so unfeeling, as to hold himself back.
Allen, Joseph H. Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges: Founded on Comparative Grammar. Edited by James B. Greenough, George L. Kittredge, Albert A. Howard, and Benjamin L. D'Ooge. Boston, MA: Ginn & Company, 1903.
Crystal, David. A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. 6th ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2008.
Delatte, Louis, Suzanne Govaerts, Joseph Denooz, and Etienne Evrard. Dictionnaire fréquentiel et index inverse de la langue latine [Frequency Dictionary and Inverse Index of the Latin Language]. Liège, Belgium: Laboratoire d'analyse statistique des langues anciennes de l'Université de Liège (L.A.S.L.A.), 1981.
Diederich, Paul B. The Frequency of Latin Words and Their Endings. PhD diss., Columbia University, 1939.
Francese, Christopher. "Latin Core Vocabulary." Dickinson College Commentaries. Last modified 2014. http://dcc.dickinson.edu/latin-vocabulary-list.
Gildersleeve, Basil L., and Gonzales Lodge. Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar: Third Edition, Revised, and Enlarged. 3rd ed. London, England: Macmillan and Co., 1903.
Glare, Peter G.W. Oxford Latin Dictionary. Vols. 1-8. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1982.
Krüger, Bernd. "Latin Conjugation Tables." Cactus2000. Accessed May 5, 2023. https://latin.cactus2000.de/index.en.php.
Pierson, Nick. "Sound of Text." Accessed October 26, 2019. https://soundoftext.com.
Wheelock, Frederick M. Wheelock's Latin. 6th ed. Revised by Richard A. LaFleur. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 2005.
Wiktionary Contributors. "Victionarium." Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Updated March 18, 2019. https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Victionarium:Pagina_prima.
Chicago (17th ed.)
Allo Contributors. "tam (adv.) - Latin Word Definition." Allo Latin Dictionary. Last modified . Accessed September 8, 2024. http://ancientlanguages.org/latin/dictionary/tam.
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